/*
 * Copyright (c) 2018-2020, Andreas Kling <andreas@ladybird.org>
 * Copyright (c) 2021, Tobias Christiansen <tobyase@serenityos.org>
 * Copyright (c) 2021-2025, Sam Atkins <sam@ladybird.org>
 * Copyright (c) 2022-2023, MacDue <macdue@dueutil.tech>
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
 */

#include "CalculatedStyleValue.h"
#include <AK/TypeCasts.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/Percentage.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/PropertyID.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/AngleStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/FlexStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/FrequencyStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/IntegerStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/LengthStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/NumberStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/PercentageStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/ResolutionStyleValue.h>
#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/TimeStyleValue.h>

namespace Web::CSS {

static Optional<CSSNumericType> add_the_types(Vector<NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode>> const& nodes)
{
    Optional<CSSNumericType> left_type;
    for (auto const& value : nodes) {
        auto right_type = value->numeric_type();
        if (!right_type.has_value())
            return {};

        if (left_type.has_value()) {
            left_type = left_type->added_to(right_type.value());
        } else {
            left_type = right_type;
        }

        if (!left_type.has_value())
            return {};
    }

    return left_type;
}

static Optional<CSSNumericType> add_the_types(CalculationNode const& a, CalculationNode const& b)
{
    auto a_type = a.numeric_type();
    auto b_type = b.numeric_type();
    if (!a_type.has_value() || !b_type.has_value())
        return {};
    return a_type->added_to(*b_type);
}

static Optional<CSSNumericType> add_the_types(CalculationNode const& a, CalculationNode const& b, CalculationNode const& c)
{
    auto a_type = a.numeric_type();
    auto b_type = b.numeric_type();
    auto c_type = c.numeric_type();
    if (!a_type.has_value() || !b_type.has_value() || !c_type.has_value())
        return {};

    auto a_and_b_type = a_type->added_to(*b_type);
    if (!a_and_b_type.has_value())
        return {};

    return a_and_b_type->added_to(*c_type);
}

static Optional<CSSNumericType> multiply_the_types(Vector<NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode>> const& nodes)
{
    // At a * sub-expression, multiply the types of the left and right arguments.
    // The sub-expression’s type is the returned result.
    Optional<CSSNumericType> left_type;
    for (auto const& value : nodes) {
        auto right_type = value->numeric_type();
        if (!right_type.has_value())
            return {};

        if (left_type.has_value()) {
            left_type = left_type->multiplied_by(right_type.value());
        } else {
            left_type = right_type;
        }

        if (!left_type.has_value())
            return {};
    }

    return left_type;
}

template<typename T>
static NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> simplify_children_vector(T const& original, CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context)
{
    Vector<NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode>> simplified_children;
    simplified_children.ensure_capacity(original.children().size());

    bool any_changed = false;
    for (auto const& child : original.children()) {
        auto simplified = simplify_a_calculation_tree(child, context, resolution_context);
        if (simplified != child)
            any_changed = true;
        simplified_children.append(move(simplified));
    }

    if (any_changed)
        return T::create(move(simplified_children));
    return original;
}

template<typename T>
static NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> simplify_child(T const& original, NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> const& child, CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context)
{
    auto simplified = simplify_a_calculation_tree(child, context, resolution_context);
    if (simplified != child)
        return T::create(move(simplified));
    return original;
}

template<typename T>
static NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> simplify_2_children(T const& original, NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> const& child_1, NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> const& child_2, CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context)
{
    auto simplified_1 = simplify_a_calculation_tree(child_1, context, resolution_context);
    auto simplified_2 = simplify_a_calculation_tree(child_2, context, resolution_context);
    if (simplified_1 != child_1 || simplified_2 != child_2)
        return T::create(move(simplified_1), move(simplified_2));
    return original;
}

Optional<CalculationNode::ConstantType> CalculationNode::constant_type_from_string(StringView string)
{
    if (string.equals_ignoring_ascii_case("e"sv))
        return CalculationNode::ConstantType::E;

    if (string.equals_ignoring_ascii_case("pi"sv))
        return CalculationNode::ConstantType::Pi;

    if (string.equals_ignoring_ascii_case("infinity"sv))
        return CalculationNode::ConstantType::Infinity;

    if (string.equals_ignoring_ascii_case("-infinity"sv))
        return CalculationNode::ConstantType::MinusInfinity;

    if (string.equals_ignoring_ascii_case("NaN"sv))
        return CalculationNode::ConstantType::NaN;

    return {};
}

CalculationNode::CalculationNode(Type type, Optional<CSSNumericType> numeric_type)
    : m_type(type)
    , m_numeric_type(move(numeric_type))
{
}

CalculationNode::~CalculationNode() = default;

static CSSNumericType numeric_type_from_calculated_style_value(CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult::Value const& value, CalculationContext const& context)
{
    // https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // Anything else is a terminal value, whose type is determined based on its CSS type.
    // (Unless otherwise specified, the type’s associated percent hint is null.)
    return value.visit(
        [](Number const&) {
            // -> <number>
            // -> <integer>
            //    the type is «[ ]» (empty map)
            return CSSNumericType {};
        },
        [](Length const&) {
            // -> <length>
            //    the type is «[ "length" → 1 ]»
            return CSSNumericType { CSSNumericType::BaseType::Length, 1 };
        },
        [](Angle const&) {
            // -> <angle>
            //    the type is «[ "angle" → 1 ]»
            return CSSNumericType { CSSNumericType::BaseType::Angle, 1 };
        },
        [](Time const&) {
            // -> <time>
            //    the type is «[ "time" → 1 ]»
            return CSSNumericType { CSSNumericType::BaseType::Time, 1 };
        },
        [](Frequency const&) {
            // -> <frequency>
            //    the type is «[ "frequency" → 1 ]»
            return CSSNumericType { CSSNumericType::BaseType::Frequency, 1 };
        },
        [](Resolution const&) {
            // -> <resolution>
            //    the type is «[ "resolution" → 1 ]»
            return CSSNumericType { CSSNumericType::BaseType::Resolution, 1 };
        },
        [](Flex const&) {
            // -> <flex>
            //    the type is «[ "flex" → 1 ]»
            return CSSNumericType { CSSNumericType::BaseType::Flex, 1 };
        },
        // NOTE: <calc-constant> is a separate node type. (FIXME: Should it be?)
        [&context](Percentage const&) {
            // -> <percentage>
            //    If, in the context in which the math function containing this calculation is placed,
            //    <percentage>s are resolved relative to another type of value (such as in width,
            //    where <percentage> is resolved against a <length>), and that other type is not <number>,
            //    the type is determined as the other type, but with a percent hint set to that other type.
            if (context.percentages_resolve_as.has_value() && context.percentages_resolve_as != ValueType::Number && context.percentages_resolve_as != ValueType::Percentage) {
                auto base_type = CSSNumericType::base_type_from_value_type(*context.percentages_resolve_as);
                VERIFY(base_type.has_value());
                auto result = CSSNumericType { base_type.value(), 1 };
                result.set_percent_hint(base_type);
                return result;
            }

            //    Otherwise, the type is «[ "percent" → 1 ]», with a percent hint of "percent".
            auto result = CSSNumericType { CSSNumericType::BaseType::Percent, 1 };
            // FIXME: Setting the percent hint to "percent" causes us to fail tests.
            // result.set_percent_hint(CSSNumericType::BaseType::Percent);
            return result;
        });
}

NonnullRefPtr<NumericCalculationNode> NumericCalculationNode::create(NumericValue value, CalculationContext const& context)
{
    auto numeric_type = numeric_type_from_calculated_style_value(value, context);
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) NumericCalculationNode(move(value), numeric_type));
}

NumericCalculationNode::NumericCalculationNode(NumericValue value, CSSNumericType numeric_type)
    : CalculationNode(Type::Numeric, move(numeric_type))
    , m_value(move(value))
{
}

NumericCalculationNode::~NumericCalculationNode() = default;

String NumericCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    return m_value.visit([](auto& value) { return value.to_string(); });
}

bool NumericCalculationNode::contains_percentage() const
{
    return m_value.has<Percentage>();
}

bool NumericCalculationNode::is_in_canonical_unit() const
{
    return m_value.visit(
        [](Angle const& angle) { return angle.type() == Angle::Type::Deg; },
        [](Flex const& flex) { return flex.type() == Flex::Type::Fr; },
        [](Frequency const& frequency) { return frequency.type() == Frequency::Type::Hz; },
        [](Length const& length) { return length.type() == Length::Type::Px; },
        [](Number const&) { return true; },
        [](Percentage const&) { return true; },
        [](Resolution const& resolution) { return resolution.type() == Resolution::Type::Dppx; },
        [](Time const& time) { return time.type() == Time::Type::S; });
}

static Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> try_get_value_with_canonical_unit(CalculationNode const& child, CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context)
{
    if (child.type() != CalculationNode::Type::Numeric)
        return {};
    auto const& numeric_child = as<NumericCalculationNode>(child);

    // Can't run with non-canonical units or unresolved percentages.
    // We've already attempted to resolve both in with_simplified_children().
    if (!numeric_child.is_in_canonical_unit()
        || (numeric_child.value().has<Percentage>() && context.percentages_resolve_as.has_value()))
        return {};

    // Can't run if a child has an invalid type.
    if (!numeric_child.numeric_type().has_value())
        return {};

    return CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult::from_value(numeric_child.value(), resolution_context, numeric_child.numeric_type());
}

static Optional<double> try_get_number(CalculationNode const& child)
{
    if (child.type() != CalculationNode::Type::Numeric)
        return {};
    auto const* maybe_number = as<NumericCalculationNode>(child).value().get_pointer<Number>();
    if (!maybe_number)
        return {};
    return maybe_number->value();
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult NumericCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    if (m_value.has<Percentage>()) {
        // NOTE: Depending on whether percentage_basis is set, the caller of resolve() is expecting a raw percentage or
        //       resolved type.
        return context.percentage_basis.visit(
            [&](Empty const&) {
                VERIFY(numeric_type_from_calculated_style_value(m_value, {}) == numeric_type());
                return CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult::from_value(m_value, context, numeric_type());
            },
            [&](auto const& value) {
                auto const calculated_value = value.percentage_of(m_value.get<Percentage>());
                return CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult::from_value(calculated_value, context, numeric_type_from_calculated_style_value(calculated_value, {}));
            });
    }

    return CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult::from_value(m_value, context, numeric_type());
}

RefPtr<CSSStyleValue> NumericCalculationNode::to_style_value(CalculationContext const& context) const
{
    // TODO: Clamp values to the range allowed by the context.
    return m_value.visit(
        [&](Number const& number) -> RefPtr<CSSStyleValue> {
            // FIXME: Returning infinity or NaN as a NumberStyleValue isn't valid.
            //        This is a temporary fix until value-clamping is implemented here.
            //        In future, we can remove these two lines and return NonnullRefPtr again.
            if (!isfinite(number.value()))
                return nullptr;

            if (context.resolve_numbers_as_integers)
                return IntegerStyleValue::create(llround(number.value()));
            return NumberStyleValue::create(number.value());
        },
        [](Angle const& angle) -> RefPtr<CSSStyleValue> { return AngleStyleValue::create(angle); },
        [](Flex const& flex) -> RefPtr<CSSStyleValue> { return FlexStyleValue::create(flex); },
        [](Frequency const& frequency) -> RefPtr<CSSStyleValue> { return FrequencyStyleValue::create(frequency); },
        [](Length const& length) -> RefPtr<CSSStyleValue> { return LengthStyleValue::create(length); },
        [](Percentage const& percentage) -> RefPtr<CSSStyleValue> { return PercentageStyleValue::create(percentage); },
        [](Resolution const& resolution) -> RefPtr<CSSStyleValue> { return ResolutionStyleValue::create(resolution); },
        [](Time const& time) -> RefPtr<CSSStyleValue> { return TimeStyleValue::create(time); });
}

void NumericCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}NUMERIC({})\n", "", indent, m_value.visit([](auto& it) { return it.to_string(); }));
}

bool NumericCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    return m_value == static_cast<NumericCalculationNode const&>(other).m_value;
}

NonnullRefPtr<SumCalculationNode> SumCalculationNode::create(Vector<NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode>> values)
{
    // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // At a + or - sub-expression, attempt to add the types of the left and right arguments.
    // If this returns failure, the entire calculation’s type is failure.
    // Otherwise, the sub-expression’s type is the returned type.
    auto numeric_type = add_the_types(values);
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) SumCalculationNode(move(values), move(numeric_type)));
}

SumCalculationNode::SumCalculationNode(Vector<NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode>> values, Optional<CSSNumericType> numeric_type)
    : CalculationNode(Type::Sum, move(numeric_type))
    , m_values(move(values))
{
    VERIFY(!m_values.is_empty());
}

SumCalculationNode::~SumCalculationNode() = default;

String SumCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    bool first = true;
    StringBuilder builder;
    for (auto& value : m_values) {
        if (!first)
            builder.append(" + "sv);
        builder.append(value->to_string());
        first = false;
    }
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

bool SumCalculationNode::contains_percentage() const
{
    for (auto const& value : m_values) {
        if (value->contains_percentage())
            return true;
    }
    return false;
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult SumCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> total;

    for (auto& additional_product : m_values) {
        auto additional_value = additional_product->resolve(context);
        if (!total.has_value()) {
            total = additional_value;
            continue;
        }
        total->add(additional_value);
    }

    return total.value();
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> SumCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return simplify_children_vector(*this, context, resolution_context);
}

void SumCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}SUM:\n", "", indent);
    for (auto const& item : m_values)
        item->dump(builder, indent + 2);
}

bool SumCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    if (m_values.size() != static_cast<SumCalculationNode const&>(other).m_values.size())
        return false;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_values.size(); ++i) {
        if (!m_values[i]->equals(*static_cast<SumCalculationNode const&>(other).m_values[i]))
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}

NonnullRefPtr<ProductCalculationNode> ProductCalculationNode::create(Vector<NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode>> values)
{
    // https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // At a * sub-expression, multiply the types of the left and right arguments.
    // The sub-expression’s type is the returned result.
    auto numeric_type = multiply_the_types(values);
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) ProductCalculationNode(move(values), move(numeric_type)));
}

ProductCalculationNode::ProductCalculationNode(Vector<NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode>> values, Optional<CSSNumericType> numeric_type)
    : CalculationNode(Type::Product, move(numeric_type))
    , m_values(move(values))
{
    VERIFY(!m_values.is_empty());
}

ProductCalculationNode::~ProductCalculationNode() = default;

String ProductCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    bool first = true;
    StringBuilder builder;
    for (auto& value : m_values) {
        if (!first)
            builder.append(" * "sv);
        builder.append(value->to_string());
        first = false;
    }
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

bool ProductCalculationNode::contains_percentage() const
{
    for (auto const& value : m_values) {
        if (value->contains_percentage())
            return true;
    }
    return false;
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult ProductCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> total;

    for (auto& additional_product : m_values) {
        auto additional_value = additional_product->resolve(context);
        if (!total.has_value()) {
            total = additional_value;
            continue;
        }
        total->multiply_by(additional_value);
    }

    return total.value();
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> ProductCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return simplify_children_vector(*this, context, resolution_context);
}

void ProductCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}PRODUCT:\n", "", indent);
    for (auto const& item : m_values)
        item->dump(builder, indent + 2);
}

bool ProductCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    if (m_values.size() != static_cast<ProductCalculationNode const&>(other).m_values.size())
        return false;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_values.size(); ++i) {
        if (!m_values[i]->equals(*static_cast<ProductCalculationNode const&>(other).m_values[i]))
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}

NonnullRefPtr<NegateCalculationNode> NegateCalculationNode::create(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
{
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) NegateCalculationNode(move(value)));
}

NegateCalculationNode::NegateCalculationNode(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
    // NOTE: `- foo` doesn't change the type
    : CalculationNode(Type::Negate, value->numeric_type())
    , m_value(move(value))
{
}

NegateCalculationNode::~NegateCalculationNode() = default;

String NegateCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    return MUST(String::formatted("(0 - {})", m_value->to_string()));
}

bool NegateCalculationNode::contains_percentage() const
{
    return m_value->contains_percentage();
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult NegateCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto child_value = m_value->resolve(context);
    child_value.negate();
    return child_value;
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> NegateCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return simplify_child(*this, m_value, context, resolution_context);
}

void NegateCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}NEGATE:\n", "", indent);
    m_value->dump(builder, indent + 2);
}

bool NegateCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    return m_value->equals(*static_cast<NegateCalculationNode const&>(other).m_value);
}

NonnullRefPtr<InvertCalculationNode> InvertCalculationNode::create(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
{
    // https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // At a / sub-expression, let left type be the result of finding the types of its left argument,
    // and right type be the result of finding the types of its right argument and then inverting it.
    // The sub-expression’s type is the result of multiplying the left type and right type.
    // NOTE: An InvertCalculationNode only represents the right argument here, and the multiplication
    //       is handled in the parent ProductCalculationNode.
    auto numeric_type = value->numeric_type().map([](auto& it) { return it.inverted(); });
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) InvertCalculationNode(move(value), move(numeric_type)));
}

InvertCalculationNode::InvertCalculationNode(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value, Optional<CSSNumericType> numeric_type)
    : CalculationNode(Type::Invert, move(numeric_type))
    , m_value(move(value))
{
}

InvertCalculationNode::~InvertCalculationNode() = default;

String InvertCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    return MUST(String::formatted("(1 / {})", m_value->to_string()));
}

bool InvertCalculationNode::contains_percentage() const
{
    return m_value->contains_percentage();
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult InvertCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto child_value = m_value->resolve(context);
    child_value.invert();
    return child_value;
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> InvertCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return simplify_child(*this, m_value, context, resolution_context);
}

void InvertCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}INVERT:\n", "", indent);
    m_value->dump(builder, indent + 2);
}

bool InvertCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    return m_value->equals(*static_cast<InvertCalculationNode const&>(other).m_value);
}

NonnullRefPtr<MinCalculationNode> MinCalculationNode::create(Vector<NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode>> values)
{
    // https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // The result of adding the types of its comma-separated calculations.
    auto numeric_type = add_the_types(values);
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) MinCalculationNode(move(values), move(numeric_type)));
}

MinCalculationNode::MinCalculationNode(Vector<NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode>> values, Optional<CSSNumericType> numeric_type)
    : CalculationNode(Type::Min, move(numeric_type))
    , m_values(move(values))
{
}

MinCalculationNode::~MinCalculationNode() = default;

String MinCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    StringBuilder builder;
    builder.append("min("sv);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_values.size(); ++i) {
        if (i != 0)
            builder.append(", "sv);
        builder.append(m_values[i]->to_string());
    }
    builder.append(")"sv);
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

bool MinCalculationNode::contains_percentage() const
{
    for (auto const& value : m_values) {
        if (value->contains_percentage())
            return true;
    }

    return false;
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult MinCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult smallest_node = m_values.first()->resolve(context);
    auto smallest_value = smallest_node.value();

    for (size_t i = 1; i < m_values.size(); i++) {
        auto child_resolved = m_values[i]->resolve(context);
        auto child_value = child_resolved.value();

        if (child_value < smallest_value) {
            smallest_value = child_value;
            smallest_node = child_resolved;
        }
    }

    return smallest_node;
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> MinCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return simplify_children_vector(*this, context, resolution_context);
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#funcdef-min
enum class MinOrMax {
    Min,
    Max,
};
static Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> run_min_or_max_operation_if_possible(Vector<NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode>> const& children, CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context, MinOrMax min_or_max)
{
    // The min() or max() functions contain one or more comma-separated calculations, and represent the smallest
    // (most negative) or largest (most positive) of them, respectively.
    Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> result;
    for (auto const& child : children) {
        auto child_value = try_get_value_with_canonical_unit(child, context, resolution_context);
        if (!child_value.has_value())
            return {};

        if (!result.has_value()) {
            result = child_value.release_value();
        } else {
            auto consistent_type = result->type()->consistent_type(child_value->type().value());
            if (!consistent_type.has_value())
                return {};

            if (min_or_max == MinOrMax::Min) {
                if (child_value->value() < result->value()) {
                    result = CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult { child_value->value(), consistent_type };
                } else {
                    result = CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult { result->value(), consistent_type };
                }
            } else {
                if (child_value->value() > result->value()) {
                    result = CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult { child_value->value(), consistent_type };
                } else {
                    result = CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult { result->value(), consistent_type };
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return result;
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#funcdef-min
Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> MinCalculationNode::run_operation_if_possible(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return run_min_or_max_operation_if_possible(m_values, context, resolution_context, MinOrMax::Min);
}

void MinCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}MIN:\n", "", indent);
    for (auto const& value : m_values)
        value->dump(builder, indent + 2);
}

bool MinCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    if (m_values.size() != static_cast<MinCalculationNode const&>(other).m_values.size())
        return false;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_values.size(); ++i) {
        if (!m_values[i]->equals(*static_cast<MinCalculationNode const&>(other).m_values[i]))
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}

NonnullRefPtr<MaxCalculationNode> MaxCalculationNode::create(Vector<NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode>> values)
{
    // https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // The result of adding the types of its comma-separated calculations.
    auto numeric_type = add_the_types(values);
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) MaxCalculationNode(move(values), move(numeric_type)));
}

MaxCalculationNode::MaxCalculationNode(Vector<NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode>> values, Optional<CSSNumericType> numeric_type)
    : CalculationNode(Type::Max, move(numeric_type))
    , m_values(move(values))
{
}

MaxCalculationNode::~MaxCalculationNode() = default;

String MaxCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    StringBuilder builder;
    builder.append("max("sv);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_values.size(); ++i) {
        if (i != 0)
            builder.append(", "sv);
        builder.append(m_values[i]->to_string());
    }
    builder.append(")"sv);
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

bool MaxCalculationNode::contains_percentage() const
{
    for (auto const& value : m_values) {
        if (value->contains_percentage())
            return true;
    }

    return false;
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult MaxCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult largest_node = m_values.first()->resolve(context);
    auto largest_value = largest_node.value();

    for (size_t i = 1; i < m_values.size(); i++) {
        auto child_resolved = m_values[i]->resolve(context);
        auto child_value = child_resolved.value();

        if (child_value > largest_value) {
            largest_value = child_value;
            largest_node = child_resolved;
        }
    }

    return largest_node;
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> MaxCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return simplify_children_vector(*this, context, resolution_context);
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#funcdef-max
Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> MaxCalculationNode::run_operation_if_possible(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return run_min_or_max_operation_if_possible(m_values, context, resolution_context, MinOrMax::Max);
}

void MaxCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}MAX:\n", "", indent);
    for (auto const& value : m_values)
        value->dump(builder, indent + 2);
}

bool MaxCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    if (m_values.size() != static_cast<MaxCalculationNode const&>(other).m_values.size())
        return false;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_values.size(); ++i) {
        if (!m_values[i]->equals(*static_cast<MaxCalculationNode const&>(other).m_values[i]))
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}

NonnullRefPtr<ClampCalculationNode> ClampCalculationNode::create(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> min, NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> center, NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> max)
{
    // https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // The result of adding the types of its comma-separated calculations.
    auto numeric_type = add_the_types(*min, *center, *max);
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) ClampCalculationNode(move(min), move(center), move(max), move(numeric_type)));
}

ClampCalculationNode::ClampCalculationNode(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> min, NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> center, NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> max, Optional<CSSNumericType> numeric_type)
    : CalculationNode(Type::Clamp, move(numeric_type))
    , m_min_value(move(min))
    , m_center_value(move(center))
    , m_max_value(move(max))
{
}

ClampCalculationNode::~ClampCalculationNode() = default;

String ClampCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    StringBuilder builder;
    builder.append("clamp("sv);
    builder.append(m_min_value->to_string());
    builder.append(", "sv);
    builder.append(m_center_value->to_string());
    builder.append(", "sv);
    builder.append(m_max_value->to_string());
    builder.append(")"sv);
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

bool ClampCalculationNode::contains_percentage() const
{
    return m_min_value->contains_percentage() || m_center_value->contains_percentage() || m_max_value->contains_percentage();
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult ClampCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto min_node = m_min_value->resolve(context);
    auto center_node = m_center_value->resolve(context);
    auto max_node = m_max_value->resolve(context);

    auto min_value = min_node.value();
    auto center_value = center_node.value();
    auto max_value = max_node.value();

    // NOTE: The value should be returned as "max(MIN, min(VAL, MAX))"
    auto chosen_value = max(min_value, min(center_value, max_value));
    if (chosen_value == min_value)
        return min_node;
    if (chosen_value == center_value)
        return center_node;
    if (chosen_value == max_value)
        return max_node;

    VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> ClampCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    auto simplified_min = simplify_a_calculation_tree(m_min_value, context, resolution_context);
    auto simplified_center = simplify_a_calculation_tree(m_center_value, context, resolution_context);
    auto simplified_max = simplify_a_calculation_tree(m_max_value, context, resolution_context);
    if (simplified_min != m_min_value || simplified_center != m_center_value || simplified_max != m_max_value)
        return create(move(simplified_min), move(simplified_center), move(simplified_max));
    return *this;
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#funcdef-clamp
Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> ClampCalculationNode::run_operation_if_possible(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    // The clamp() function takes three calculations — a minimum value, a central value, and a maximum value — and
    // represents its central calculation, clamped according to its min and max calculations, favoring the min
    // calculation if it conflicts with the max. (That is, given clamp(MIN, VAL, MAX), it represents exactly the
    // same value as max(MIN, min(VAL, MAX))).
    //
    // Either the min or max calculations (or even both) can instead be the keyword none, which indicates the value
    // is not clamped from that side. (That is, clamp(MIN, VAL, none) is equivalent to max(MIN, VAL), clamp(none,
    // VAL, MAX) is equivalent to min(VAL, MAX), and clamp(none, VAL, none) is equivalent to just calc(VAL).)
    //
    // For all three functions, the argument calculations can resolve to any <number>, <dimension>, or <percentage>,
    // but must have a consistent type or else the function is invalid; the result’s type will be the consistent type.

    auto min_result = try_get_value_with_canonical_unit(m_min_value, context, resolution_context);
    if (!min_result.has_value())
        return {};

    auto center_result = try_get_value_with_canonical_unit(m_center_value, context, resolution_context);
    if (!center_result.has_value())
        return {};

    auto max_result = try_get_value_with_canonical_unit(m_max_value, context, resolution_context);
    if (!max_result.has_value())
        return {};

    auto consistent_type = min_result->type()->consistent_type(center_result->type().value()).map([&](auto& it) { return it.consistent_type(max_result->type().value()); });
    if (!consistent_type.has_value())
        return {};

    auto chosen_value = max(min_result->value(), min(center_result->value(), max_result->value()));
    return CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult { chosen_value, consistent_type.release_value() };
}

void ClampCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}CLAMP:\n", "", indent);
    m_min_value->dump(builder, indent + 2);
    m_center_value->dump(builder, indent + 2);
    m_max_value->dump(builder, indent + 2);
}

bool ClampCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    return m_min_value->equals(*static_cast<ClampCalculationNode const&>(other).m_min_value)
        && m_center_value->equals(*static_cast<ClampCalculationNode const&>(other).m_center_value)
        && m_max_value->equals(*static_cast<ClampCalculationNode const&>(other).m_max_value);
}

NonnullRefPtr<AbsCalculationNode> AbsCalculationNode::create(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
{
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) AbsCalculationNode(move(value)));
}

AbsCalculationNode::AbsCalculationNode(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
    // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // The type of its contained calculation.
    : CalculationNode(Type::Abs, value->numeric_type())
    , m_value(move(value))
{
}

AbsCalculationNode::~AbsCalculationNode() = default;

String AbsCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    StringBuilder builder;
    builder.append("abs("sv);
    builder.append(m_value->to_string());
    builder.append(")"sv);
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

bool AbsCalculationNode::contains_percentage() const
{
    return m_value->contains_percentage();
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult AbsCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto node_a = m_value->resolve(context);
    if (node_a.value() < 0)
        node_a.negate();
    return node_a;
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> AbsCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return simplify_child(*this, m_value, context, resolution_context);
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#funcdef-abs
Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> AbsCalculationNode::run_operation_if_possible(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    // The abs(A) function contains one calculation A, and returns the absolute value of A, as the same type as the input:
    // if A’s numeric value is positive or 0⁺, just A again; otherwise -1 * A.
    auto child_value = try_get_value_with_canonical_unit(m_value, context, resolution_context);
    if (!child_value.has_value())
        return {};
    return CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult { fabs(child_value->value()), child_value->type() };
}

void AbsCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}ABS: {}\n", "", indent, to_string());
}

bool AbsCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    return m_value->equals(*static_cast<AbsCalculationNode const&>(other).m_value);
}

NonnullRefPtr<SignCalculationNode> SignCalculationNode::create(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
{
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) SignCalculationNode(move(value)));
}

SignCalculationNode::SignCalculationNode(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
    // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // «[ ]» (empty map).
    : CalculationNode(Type::Sign, CSSNumericType {})
    , m_value(move(value))
{
}

SignCalculationNode::~SignCalculationNode() = default;

String SignCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    StringBuilder builder;
    builder.append("sign("sv);
    builder.append(m_value->to_string());
    builder.append(")"sv);
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

bool SignCalculationNode::contains_percentage() const
{
    return m_value->contains_percentage();
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult SignCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto node_a = m_value->resolve(context);
    auto node_a_value = node_a.value();

    if (node_a_value < 0)
        return { -1, CSSNumericType {} };

    if (node_a_value > 0)
        return { 1, CSSNumericType {} };

    return { 0, CSSNumericType {} };
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> SignCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return simplify_child(*this, m_value, context, resolution_context);
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#funcdef-sign
Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> SignCalculationNode::run_operation_if_possible(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    // The sign(A) function contains one calculation A, and returns -1 if A’s numeric value is negative,
    // +1 if A’s numeric value is positive, 0⁺ if A’s numeric value is 0⁺, and 0⁻ if A’s numeric value is 0⁻.
    // The return type is a <number>, made consistent with the input calculation’s type.
    auto child_value = try_get_value_with_canonical_unit(m_value, context, resolution_context);
    if (!child_value.has_value())
        return {};

    double sign = 0;
    if (child_value->value() < 0) {
        sign = -1;
    } else if (child_value->value() > 0) {
        sign = 1;
    } else {
        FloatExtractor<double> const extractor { .d = child_value->value() };
        sign = extractor.sign ? -0 : 0;
    }

    return CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult { sign, CSSNumericType {}.made_consistent_with(child_value->type().value()) };
}

void SignCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}SIGN: {}\n", "", indent, to_string());
}

bool SignCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    return m_value->equals(*static_cast<SignCalculationNode const&>(other).m_value);
}

NonnullRefPtr<ConstantCalculationNode> ConstantCalculationNode::create(ConstantType constant)
{
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) ConstantCalculationNode(constant));
}

ConstantCalculationNode::ConstantCalculationNode(ConstantType constant)
    // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // Anything else is a terminal value, whose type is determined based on its CSS type:
    // -> <calc-constant>
    //    the type is «[ ]» (empty map)
    : CalculationNode(Type::Constant, CSSNumericType {})
    , m_constant(constant)
{
}

ConstantCalculationNode::~ConstantCalculationNode() = default;

String ConstantCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    switch (m_constant) {
    case CalculationNode::ConstantType::E:
        return "e"_string;
    case CalculationNode::ConstantType::Pi:
        return "pi"_string;
    case CalculationNode::ConstantType::Infinity:
        return "infinity"_string;
    case CalculationNode::ConstantType::MinusInfinity:
        return "-infinity"_string;
    case CalculationNode::ConstantType::NaN:
        return "NaN"_string;
    }

    VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult ConstantCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const&) const
{
    switch (m_constant) {
    case ConstantType::E:
        return { AK::E<double>, CSSNumericType {} };
    case ConstantType::Pi:
        return { AK::Pi<double>, CSSNumericType {} };
    case ConstantType::Infinity:
        return { AK::Infinity<double>, CSSNumericType {} };
    case ConstantType::MinusInfinity:
        return { -AK::Infinity<double>, CSSNumericType {} };
    case ConstantType::NaN:
        return { AK::NaN<double>, CSSNumericType {} };
    }

    VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
}

void ConstantCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}CONSTANT: {}\n", "", indent, to_string());
}

bool ConstantCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    return m_constant == static_cast<ConstantCalculationNode const&>(other).m_constant;
}

NonnullRefPtr<SinCalculationNode> SinCalculationNode::create(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
{
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) SinCalculationNode(move(value)));
}

SinCalculationNode::SinCalculationNode(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
    // «[ ]» (empty map).
    : CalculationNode(Type::Sin, CSSNumericType {})
    , m_value(move(value))
{
}

SinCalculationNode::~SinCalculationNode() = default;

String SinCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    StringBuilder builder;
    builder.append("sin("sv);
    builder.append(m_value->to_string());
    builder.append(")"sv);
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

bool SinCalculationNode::contains_percentage() const
{
    return m_value->contains_percentage();
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult SinCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto node_a = m_value->resolve(context);
    auto node_a_value = AK::to_radians(node_a.value());
    auto result = sin(node_a_value);

    return { result, CSSNumericType {} };
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> SinCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return simplify_child(*this, m_value, context, resolution_context);
}

enum class SinCosOrTan {
    Sin,
    Cos,
    Tan,
};
static Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> run_sin_cos_or_tan_operation_if_possible(CalculationNode const& child, SinCosOrTan trig_function)
{
    // The sin(A), cos(A), and tan(A) functions all contain a single calculation which must resolve to either a <number>
    // or an <angle>, and compute their corresponding function by interpreting the result of their argument as radians.
    // (That is, sin(45deg), sin(.125turn), and sin(3.14159 / 4) all represent the same value, approximately .707.) They
    // all represent a <number>, with the return type made consistent with the input calculation’s type. sin() and cos()
    // will always return a number between −1 and 1, while tan() can return any number between −∞ and +∞.
    // (See § 10.9 Type Checking for details on how math functions handle ∞.)

    if (child.type() != CalculationNode::Type::Numeric)
        return {};
    auto const& numeric_child = as<NumericCalculationNode>(child);

    auto radians = numeric_child.value().visit(
        [](Angle const& angle) { return angle.to_radians(); },
        [](Number const& number) { return number.value(); },
        [](auto const&) -> double { VERIFY_NOT_REACHED(); });

    double result = 0;
    switch (trig_function) {
    case SinCosOrTan::Sin:
        result = sin(radians);
        break;
    case SinCosOrTan::Cos:
        result = cos(radians);
        break;
    case SinCosOrTan::Tan:
        result = tan(radians);
        break;
    }

    return CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult { result, CSSNumericType {}.made_consistent_with(child.numeric_type().value()) };
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#funcdef-sin
Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> SinCalculationNode::run_operation_if_possible(CalculationContext const&, CalculationResolutionContext const&) const
{
    return run_sin_cos_or_tan_operation_if_possible(m_value, SinCosOrTan::Sin);
}

void SinCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}SIN: {}\n", "", indent, to_string());
}

bool SinCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    return m_value->equals(*static_cast<SinCalculationNode const&>(other).m_value);
}

NonnullRefPtr<CosCalculationNode> CosCalculationNode::create(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
{
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) CosCalculationNode(move(value)));
}

CosCalculationNode::CosCalculationNode(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
    // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // «[ ]» (empty map).
    : CalculationNode(Type::Cos, CSSNumericType {})
    , m_value(move(value))
{
}

CosCalculationNode::~CosCalculationNode() = default;

String CosCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    StringBuilder builder;
    builder.append("cos("sv);
    builder.append(m_value->to_string());
    builder.append(")"sv);
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

bool CosCalculationNode::contains_percentage() const
{
    return m_value->contains_percentage();
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult CosCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto node_a = m_value->resolve(context);
    auto node_a_value = AK::to_radians(node_a.value());
    auto result = cos(node_a_value);

    return { result, CSSNumericType {} };
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> CosCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return simplify_child(*this, m_value, context, resolution_context);
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#funcdef-cos
Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> CosCalculationNode::run_operation_if_possible(CalculationContext const&, CalculationResolutionContext const&) const
{
    return run_sin_cos_or_tan_operation_if_possible(m_value, SinCosOrTan::Cos);
}

void CosCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}COS: {}\n", "", indent, to_string());
}

bool CosCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    return m_value->equals(*static_cast<CosCalculationNode const&>(other).m_value);
}

NonnullRefPtr<TanCalculationNode> TanCalculationNode::create(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
{
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) TanCalculationNode(move(value)));
}

TanCalculationNode::TanCalculationNode(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
    // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // «[ ]» (empty map).
    : CalculationNode(Type::Tan, CSSNumericType {})
    , m_value(move(value))
{
}

TanCalculationNode::~TanCalculationNode() = default;

String TanCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    StringBuilder builder;
    builder.append("tan("sv);
    builder.append(m_value->to_string());
    builder.append(")"sv);
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

bool TanCalculationNode::contains_percentage() const
{
    return m_value->contains_percentage();
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult TanCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto node_a = m_value->resolve(context);
    auto node_a_value = AK::to_radians(node_a.value());
    auto result = tan(node_a_value);

    return { result, CSSNumericType {} };
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> TanCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return simplify_child(*this, m_value, context, resolution_context);
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#funcdef-tan
Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> TanCalculationNode::run_operation_if_possible(CalculationContext const&, CalculationResolutionContext const&) const
{
    return run_sin_cos_or_tan_operation_if_possible(m_value, SinCosOrTan::Tan);
}

void TanCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}TAN: {}\n", "", indent, to_string());
}

bool TanCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    return m_value->equals(*static_cast<TanCalculationNode const&>(other).m_value);
}

NonnullRefPtr<AsinCalculationNode> AsinCalculationNode::create(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
{
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) AsinCalculationNode(move(value)));
}

AsinCalculationNode::AsinCalculationNode(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
    // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // «[ "angle" → 1 ]».
    : CalculationNode(Type::Asin, CSSNumericType { CSSNumericType::BaseType::Angle, 1 })
    , m_value(move(value))
{
}

AsinCalculationNode::~AsinCalculationNode() = default;

String AsinCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    StringBuilder builder;
    builder.append("asin("sv);
    builder.append(m_value->to_string());
    builder.append(")"sv);
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

bool AsinCalculationNode::contains_percentage() const
{
    return m_value->contains_percentage();
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult AsinCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto node_a = m_value->resolve(context);
    auto result = AK::to_degrees(asin(node_a.value()));
    return { result, CSSNumericType { CSSNumericType::BaseType::Angle, 1 } };
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> AsinCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return simplify_child(*this, m_value, context, resolution_context);
}

enum class AsinAcosOrAtan {
    Asin,
    Acos,
    Atan,
};
static Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> run_asin_acos_or_atan_operation_if_possible(CalculationNode const& child, AsinAcosOrAtan trig_function)
{
    // The asin(A), acos(A), and atan(A) functions are the "arc" or "inverse" trigonometric functions, representing
    // the inverse function to their corresponding "normal" trig functions. All of them contain a single calculation
    // which must resolve to a <number>, and compute their corresponding function, interpreting their result as a
    // number of radians, representing an <angle> with the return type made consistent with the input calculation’s
    // type. The angle returned by asin() must be normalized to the range [-90deg, 90deg]; the angle returned by acos()
    // to the range [0deg, 180deg]; and the angle returned by atan() to the range [-90deg, 90deg].

    auto maybe_number = try_get_number(child);
    if (!maybe_number.has_value())
        return {};
    auto number = maybe_number.release_value();

    auto normalize_angle = [](double radians, double min_degrees, double max_degrees) -> double {
        auto degrees = AK::to_degrees(radians);
        while (degrees < min_degrees)
            degrees += 360;
        while (degrees > max_degrees)
            degrees -= 360;
        return degrees;
    };

    double result = 0;
    switch (trig_function) {
    case AsinAcosOrAtan::Asin:
        result = normalize_angle(asin(number), -90, 90);
        break;
    case AsinAcosOrAtan::Acos:
        result = normalize_angle(acos(number), 0, 180);
        break;
    case AsinAcosOrAtan::Atan:
        result = normalize_angle(atan(number), -90, 90);
        break;
    }

    return CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult { result, CSSNumericType {}.made_consistent_with(child.numeric_type().value()) };
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#funcdef-asin
Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> AsinCalculationNode::run_operation_if_possible(CalculationContext const&, CalculationResolutionContext const&) const
{
    return run_asin_acos_or_atan_operation_if_possible(m_value, AsinAcosOrAtan::Asin);
}

void AsinCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}ASIN: {}\n", "", indent, to_string());
}

bool AsinCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    return m_value->equals(*static_cast<AsinCalculationNode const&>(other).m_value);
}

NonnullRefPtr<AcosCalculationNode> AcosCalculationNode::create(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
{
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) AcosCalculationNode(move(value)));
}

AcosCalculationNode::AcosCalculationNode(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
    // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // «[ "angle" → 1 ]».
    : CalculationNode(Type::Acos, CSSNumericType { CSSNumericType::BaseType::Angle, 1 })
    , m_value(move(value))
{
}

AcosCalculationNode::~AcosCalculationNode() = default;

String AcosCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    StringBuilder builder;
    builder.append("acos("sv);
    builder.append(m_value->to_string());
    builder.append(")"sv);
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

bool AcosCalculationNode::contains_percentage() const
{
    return m_value->contains_percentage();
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult AcosCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto node_a = m_value->resolve(context);
    auto result = AK::to_degrees(acos(node_a.value()));
    return { result, CSSNumericType { CSSNumericType::BaseType::Angle, 1 } };
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> AcosCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return simplify_child(*this, m_value, context, resolution_context);
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#funcdef-acos
Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> AcosCalculationNode::run_operation_if_possible(CalculationContext const&, CalculationResolutionContext const&) const
{
    return run_asin_acos_or_atan_operation_if_possible(m_value, AsinAcosOrAtan::Acos);
}

void AcosCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}ACOS: {}\n", "", indent, to_string());
}

bool AcosCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    return m_value->equals(*static_cast<AcosCalculationNode const&>(other).m_value);
}

NonnullRefPtr<AtanCalculationNode> AtanCalculationNode::create(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
{
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) AtanCalculationNode(move(value)));
}

AtanCalculationNode::AtanCalculationNode(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
    // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // «[ "angle" → 1 ]».
    : CalculationNode(Type::Atan, CSSNumericType { CSSNumericType::BaseType::Angle, 1 })
    , m_value(move(value))
{
}

AtanCalculationNode::~AtanCalculationNode() = default;

String AtanCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    StringBuilder builder;
    builder.append("atan("sv);
    builder.append(m_value->to_string());
    builder.append(")"sv);
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

bool AtanCalculationNode::contains_percentage() const
{
    return m_value->contains_percentage();
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult AtanCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto node_a = m_value->resolve(context);
    auto result = AK::to_degrees(atan(node_a.value()));
    return { result, CSSNumericType { CSSNumericType::BaseType::Angle, 1 } };
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> AtanCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return simplify_child(*this, m_value, context, resolution_context);
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#funcdef-atan
Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> AtanCalculationNode::run_operation_if_possible(CalculationContext const&, CalculationResolutionContext const&) const
{
    return run_asin_acos_or_atan_operation_if_possible(m_value, AsinAcosOrAtan::Atan);
}

void AtanCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}ATAN: {}\n", "", indent, to_string());
}

bool AtanCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    return m_value->equals(*static_cast<AtanCalculationNode const&>(other).m_value);
}

NonnullRefPtr<Atan2CalculationNode> Atan2CalculationNode::create(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> y, NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> x)
{
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) Atan2CalculationNode(move(y), move(x)));
}

Atan2CalculationNode::Atan2CalculationNode(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> y, NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> x)
    // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // «[ "angle" → 1 ]».
    : CalculationNode(Type::Atan2, CSSNumericType { CSSNumericType::BaseType::Angle, 1 })
    , m_y(move(y))
    , m_x(move(x))
{
}

Atan2CalculationNode::~Atan2CalculationNode() = default;

String Atan2CalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    StringBuilder builder;
    builder.append("atan2("sv);
    builder.append(m_y->to_string());
    builder.append(", "sv);
    builder.append(m_x->to_string());
    builder.append(")"sv);
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

bool Atan2CalculationNode::contains_percentage() const
{
    return m_y->contains_percentage() || m_x->contains_percentage();
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult Atan2CalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto node_a = m_y->resolve(context);
    auto node_b = m_x->resolve(context);
    auto result = AK::to_degrees(atan2(node_a.value(), node_b.value()));
    return { result, CSSNumericType { CSSNumericType::BaseType::Angle, 1 } };
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> Atan2CalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return simplify_2_children(*this, m_x, m_y, context, resolution_context);
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#funcdef-atan2
Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> Atan2CalculationNode::run_operation_if_possible(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    // The atan2(A, B) function contains two comma-separated calculations, A and B. A and B can resolve to any <number>,
    // <dimension>, or <percentage>, but must have a consistent type or else the function is invalid. The function
    // returns the <angle> between the positive X-axis and the point (B,A), with the return type made consistent with the
    // input calculation’s type. The returned angle must be normalized to the interval (-180deg, 180deg] (that is,
    // greater than -180deg, and less than or equal to 180deg).
    auto x_value = try_get_value_with_canonical_unit(m_x, context, resolution_context);
    if (!x_value.has_value())
        return {};
    auto y_value = try_get_value_with_canonical_unit(m_y, context, resolution_context);
    if (!y_value.has_value())
        return {};

    auto input_consistent_type = x_value->type()->consistent_type(y_value->type().value());
    if (!input_consistent_type.has_value())
        return {};

    auto degrees = AK::to_degrees(atan2(y_value->value(), x_value->value()));
    while (degrees <= -180)
        degrees += 360;
    while (degrees > 180)
        degrees -= 360;

    return CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult { degrees, CSSNumericType { CSSNumericType::BaseType::Angle, 1 }.made_consistent_with(*input_consistent_type) };
}

void Atan2CalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}ATAN2: {}\n", "", indent, to_string());
}

bool Atan2CalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    return m_x->equals(*static_cast<Atan2CalculationNode const&>(other).m_x)
        && m_y->equals(*static_cast<Atan2CalculationNode const&>(other).m_y);
}

NonnullRefPtr<PowCalculationNode> PowCalculationNode::create(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> x, NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> y)
{
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) PowCalculationNode(move(x), move(y)));
}

PowCalculationNode::PowCalculationNode(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> x, NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> y)
    // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // «[ ]» (empty map).
    : CalculationNode(Type::Pow, CSSNumericType {})
    , m_x(move(x))
    , m_y(move(y))
{
}

PowCalculationNode::~PowCalculationNode() = default;

String PowCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    StringBuilder builder;
    builder.append("pow("sv);
    builder.append(m_x->to_string());
    builder.append(", "sv);
    builder.append(m_y->to_string());
    builder.append(")"sv);
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult PowCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto node_a = m_x->resolve(context);
    auto node_b = m_y->resolve(context);
    auto result = pow(node_a.value(), node_b.value());
    return { result, CSSNumericType {} };
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> PowCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return simplify_2_children(*this, m_x, m_y, context, resolution_context);
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#funcdef-pow
Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> PowCalculationNode::run_operation_if_possible(CalculationContext const&, CalculationResolutionContext const&) const
{
    // The pow(A, B) function contains two comma-separated calculations A and B, both of which must resolve to <number>s,
    // and returns the result of raising A to the power of B, returning the value as a <number>. The input calculations
    // must have a consistent type or else the function is invalid; the result’s type will be the consistent type.
    auto a = try_get_number(m_x);
    auto b = try_get_number(m_y);
    if (!a.has_value() || !b.has_value())
        return {};

    auto consistent_type = m_x->numeric_type()->consistent_type(m_y->numeric_type().value());
    if (!consistent_type.has_value())
        return {};

    return CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult { pow(*a, *b), consistent_type };
}

void PowCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}POW: {}\n", "", indent, to_string());
}

bool PowCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    return m_x->equals(*static_cast<PowCalculationNode const&>(other).m_x)
        && m_y->equals(*static_cast<PowCalculationNode const&>(other).m_y);
}

NonnullRefPtr<SqrtCalculationNode> SqrtCalculationNode::create(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
{
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) SqrtCalculationNode(move(value)));
}

SqrtCalculationNode::SqrtCalculationNode(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
    // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // «[ ]» (empty map).
    : CalculationNode(Type::Sqrt, CSSNumericType {})
    , m_value(move(value))
{
}

SqrtCalculationNode::~SqrtCalculationNode() = default;

String SqrtCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    StringBuilder builder;
    builder.append("sqrt("sv);
    builder.append(m_value->to_string());
    builder.append(")"sv);
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult SqrtCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto node_a = m_value->resolve(context);
    auto result = sqrt(node_a.value());
    return { result, CSSNumericType {} };
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> SqrtCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return simplify_child(*this, m_value, context, resolution_context);
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#funcdef-sqrt
Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> SqrtCalculationNode::run_operation_if_possible(CalculationContext const&, CalculationResolutionContext const&) const
{
    // The sqrt(A) function contains a single calculation which must resolve to a <number>, and returns the square root
    // of the value as a <number>, with the return type made consistent with the input calculation’s type.
    // (sqrt(X) and pow(X, .5) are basically equivalent, differing only in some error-handling; sqrt() is a common enough
    // function that it is provided as a convenience.)
    auto number = try_get_number(m_value);
    if (!number.has_value())
        return {};

    auto consistent_type = CSSNumericType {}.made_consistent_with(m_value->numeric_type().value());
    if (!consistent_type.has_value())
        return {};

    return CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult { sqrt(*number), consistent_type };
}

void SqrtCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}SQRT: {}\n", "", indent, to_string());
}

bool SqrtCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    return m_value->equals(*static_cast<SqrtCalculationNode const&>(other).m_value);
}

NonnullRefPtr<HypotCalculationNode> HypotCalculationNode::create(Vector<NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode>> values)
{
    // https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // The result of adding the types of its comma-separated calculations.
    auto numeric_type = add_the_types(values);
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) HypotCalculationNode(move(values), move(numeric_type)));
}

HypotCalculationNode::HypotCalculationNode(Vector<NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode>> values, Optional<CSSNumericType> numeric_type)
    : CalculationNode(Type::Hypot, move(numeric_type))
    , m_values(move(values))
{
}

HypotCalculationNode::~HypotCalculationNode() = default;

String HypotCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    StringBuilder builder;
    builder.append("hypot("sv);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_values.size(); ++i) {
        if (i != 0)
            builder.append(", "sv);
        builder.append(m_values[i]->to_string());
    }
    builder.append(")"sv);
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

bool HypotCalculationNode::contains_percentage() const
{
    for (auto const& value : m_values) {
        if (value->contains_percentage())
            return true;
    }

    return false;
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult HypotCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    double square_sum = 0.0;
    Optional<CSSNumericType> result_type;

    for (auto const& value : m_values) {
        auto child_resolved = value->resolve(context);
        auto child_value = child_resolved.value();

        square_sum += child_value * child_value;
        if (result_type.has_value()) {
            result_type = result_type->consistent_type(*child_resolved.type());
        } else {
            result_type = child_resolved.type();
        }
    }

    auto result = sqrt(square_sum);
    return { result, result_type };
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> HypotCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return simplify_children_vector(*this, context, resolution_context);
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#funcdef-hypot
Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> HypotCalculationNode::run_operation_if_possible(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    // The hypot(A, …) function contains one or more comma-separated calculations, and returns the length of an
    // N-dimensional vector with components equal to each of the calculations. (That is, the square root of the sum of
    // the squares of its arguments.) The argument calculations can resolve to any <number>, <dimension>, or
    // <percentage>, but must have a consistent type or else the function is invalid; the result’s type will be the
    // consistent type.

    CSSNumericType consistent_type;
    double value = 0;

    for (auto const& child : m_values) {
        auto canonical_child = try_get_value_with_canonical_unit(child, context, resolution_context);
        if (!canonical_child.has_value())
            return {};

        auto maybe_type = consistent_type.consistent_type(canonical_child->type().value());
        if (!maybe_type.has_value())
            return {};

        consistent_type = maybe_type.release_value();
        value += canonical_child->value() * canonical_child->value();
    }

    return CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult { sqrt(value), consistent_type };
}

void HypotCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}HYPOT:\n", "", indent);
    for (auto const& value : m_values)
        value->dump(builder, indent + 2);
}

bool HypotCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_values.size(); ++i) {
        if (!m_values[i]->equals(*static_cast<HypotCalculationNode const&>(other).m_values[i]))
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}

NonnullRefPtr<LogCalculationNode> LogCalculationNode::create(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> x, NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> y)
{
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) LogCalculationNode(move(x), move(y)));
}

LogCalculationNode::LogCalculationNode(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> x, NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> y)
    // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // «[ ]» (empty map).
    : CalculationNode(Type::Log, CSSNumericType {})
    , m_x(move(x))
    , m_y(move(y))
{
}

LogCalculationNode::~LogCalculationNode() = default;

String LogCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    StringBuilder builder;
    builder.append("log("sv);
    builder.append(m_x->to_string());
    builder.append(", "sv);
    builder.append(m_y->to_string());
    builder.append(")"sv);
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult LogCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto node_a = m_x->resolve(context);
    auto node_b = m_y->resolve(context);
    auto result = log2(node_a.value()) / log2(node_b.value());
    return { result, CSSNumericType {} };
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> LogCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return simplify_2_children(*this, m_x, m_y, context, resolution_context);
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#funcdef-log
Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> LogCalculationNode::run_operation_if_possible(CalculationContext const&, CalculationResolutionContext const&) const
{
    // The log(A, B?) function contains one or two calculations (representing the value to be logarithmed, and the
    // base of the logarithm, defaulting to e), which must resolve to <number>s, and returns the logarithm base B of
    // the value A, as a <number> with the return type made consistent with the input calculation’s type.

    auto number = try_get_number(m_x);
    auto base = try_get_number(m_y);
    if (!number.has_value() || !base.has_value())
        return {};

    auto consistent_type = CSSNumericType {}.made_consistent_with(m_x->numeric_type().value());
    if (!consistent_type.has_value())
        return {};

    return CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult { log(*number) / log(*base), consistent_type };
}

void LogCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}LOG: {}\n", "", indent, to_string());
}

bool LogCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    return m_x->equals(*static_cast<LogCalculationNode const&>(other).m_x)
        && m_y->equals(*static_cast<LogCalculationNode const&>(other).m_y);
}

NonnullRefPtr<ExpCalculationNode> ExpCalculationNode::create(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
{
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) ExpCalculationNode(move(value)));
}

ExpCalculationNode::ExpCalculationNode(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> value)
    // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // «[ ]» (empty map).
    : CalculationNode(Type::Exp, CSSNumericType {})
    , m_value(move(value))
{
}

ExpCalculationNode::~ExpCalculationNode() = default;

String ExpCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    StringBuilder builder;
    builder.append("exp("sv);
    builder.append(m_value->to_string());
    builder.append(")"sv);
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult ExpCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto node_a = m_value->resolve(context);
    auto result = exp(node_a.value());
    return { result, CSSNumericType {} };
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> ExpCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return simplify_child(*this, m_value, context, resolution_context);
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#funcdef-exp
Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> ExpCalculationNode::run_operation_if_possible(CalculationContext const&, CalculationResolutionContext const&) const
{
    // The exp(A) function contains one calculation which must resolve to a <number>, and returns the same value as
    // pow(e, A) as a <number> with the return type made consistent with the input calculation’s type.

    auto number = try_get_number(m_value);
    if (!number.has_value())
        return {};

    auto consistent_type = CSSNumericType {}.made_consistent_with(m_value->numeric_type().value());
    if (!consistent_type.has_value())
        return {};

    return CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult { exp(*number), consistent_type };
}

void ExpCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}EXP: {}\n", "", indent, to_string());
}

bool ExpCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    return m_value->equals(*static_cast<ExpCalculationNode const&>(other).m_value);
}

NonnullRefPtr<RoundCalculationNode> RoundCalculationNode::create(RoundingStrategy strategy, NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> x, NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> y)
{
    // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // The result of adding the types of its comma-separated calculations.
    auto numeric_type = add_the_types(*x, *y);
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) RoundCalculationNode(strategy, move(x), move(y), move(numeric_type)));
}

RoundCalculationNode::RoundCalculationNode(RoundingStrategy mode, NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> x, NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> y, Optional<CSSNumericType> numeric_type)
    : CalculationNode(Type::Round, move(numeric_type))
    , m_strategy(mode)
    , m_x(move(x))
    , m_y(move(y))
{
}

RoundCalculationNode::~RoundCalculationNode() = default;

String RoundCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    StringBuilder builder;
    builder.append("round("sv);
    builder.append(CSS::to_string(m_strategy));
    builder.append(", "sv);
    builder.append(m_x->to_string());
    builder.append(", "sv);
    builder.append(m_y->to_string());
    builder.append(")"sv);
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

bool RoundCalculationNode::contains_percentage() const
{
    return m_x->contains_percentage() || m_y->contains_percentage();
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult RoundCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto node_a = m_x->resolve(context);
    auto node_b = m_y->resolve(context);

    auto node_a_value = node_a.value();
    auto node_b_value = node_b.value();

    auto upper_b = ceil(node_a_value / node_b_value) * node_b_value;
    auto lower_b = floor(node_a_value / node_b_value) * node_b_value;

    auto resolved_type = node_a.type()->consistent_type(*node_b.type());

    if (m_strategy == RoundingStrategy::Nearest) {
        auto upper_diff = fabs(upper_b - node_a_value);
        auto lower_diff = fabs(node_a_value - lower_b);
        auto rounded_value = upper_diff < lower_diff ? upper_b : lower_b;
        return { rounded_value, resolved_type };
    }

    if (m_strategy == RoundingStrategy::Up) {
        return { upper_b, resolved_type };
    }

    if (m_strategy == RoundingStrategy::Down) {
        return { lower_b, resolved_type };
    }

    if (m_strategy == RoundingStrategy::ToZero) {
        auto upper_diff = fabs(upper_b);
        auto lower_diff = fabs(lower_b);
        auto rounded_value = upper_diff < lower_diff ? upper_b : lower_b;
        return { rounded_value, resolved_type };
    }

    VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> RoundCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    auto simplified_x = simplify_a_calculation_tree(m_x, context, resolution_context);
    auto simplified_y = simplify_a_calculation_tree(m_y, context, resolution_context);
    if (simplified_x != m_x || simplified_y != m_y)
        return create(m_strategy, move(simplified_x), move(simplified_y));
    return *this;
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#funcdef-round
Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> RoundCalculationNode::run_operation_if_possible(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    // The round(<rounding-strategy>?, A, B?) function contains an optional rounding strategy, and two calculations A
    // and B, and returns the value of A, rounded according to the rounding strategy, to the nearest integer multiple of
    // B either above or below A. The argument calculations can resolve to any <number>, <dimension>, or <percentage>,
    // but must have a consistent type or else the function is invalid; the result’s type will be the consistent type.

    auto maybe_a = try_get_value_with_canonical_unit(m_x, context, resolution_context);
    auto maybe_b = try_get_value_with_canonical_unit(m_y, context, resolution_context);
    if (!maybe_a.has_value() || !maybe_b.has_value())
        return {};

    auto consistent_type = maybe_a->type()->made_consistent_with(maybe_b->type().value());
    if (!consistent_type.has_value())
        return {};

    auto a = maybe_a->value();
    auto b = maybe_b->value();

    // If A is exactly equal to an integer multiple of B, round() resolves to A exactly (preserving whether A is 0⁻ or
    // 0⁺, if relevant).
    if (fmod(a, b) == 0)
        return maybe_a.release_value();

    // Otherwise, there are two integer multiples of B that are potentially "closest" to A, lower B which is closer to
    // −∞ and upper B which is closer to +∞. The following <rounding-strategy>s dictate how to choose between them:

    // FIXME: If lower B would be zero, it is specifically equal to 0⁺;
    //        if upper B would be zero, it is specifically equal to 0⁻.
    auto get_lower_b = [&]() {
        return floor(a / b) * b;
    };
    auto get_upper_b = [&]() {
        return ceil(a / b) * b;
    };

    double rounded = 0;
    switch (m_strategy) {
    // -> nearest
    case RoundingStrategy::Nearest: {
        // Choose whichever of lower B and upper B that has the smallest absolute difference from A.
        // If both have an equal difference (A is exactly between the two values), choose upper B.
        auto lower_b = get_lower_b();
        auto upper_b = get_upper_b();
        auto lower_diff = fabs(lower_b - a);
        auto upper_diff = fabs(upper_b - a);
        rounded = upper_diff <= lower_diff ? upper_b : lower_b;
        break;
    }
    // -> up
    case RoundingStrategy::Up:
        // Choose upper B.
        rounded = get_upper_b();
        break;
    // -> down
    case RoundingStrategy::Down:
        // Choose lower B.
        rounded = get_lower_b();
        break;
    // -> to-zero
    case RoundingStrategy::ToZero: {
        // Choose whichever of lower B and upper B that has the smallest absolute difference from 0.
        auto lower_b = get_lower_b();
        auto upper_b = get_upper_b();
        rounded = fabs(upper_b) < fabs(lower_b) ? upper_b : lower_b;
        break;
    }
    }

    return CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult { rounded, consistent_type };
}

void RoundCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}ROUND: {}\n", "", indent, to_string());
}

bool RoundCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    return m_strategy == static_cast<RoundCalculationNode const&>(other).m_strategy
        && m_x->equals(*static_cast<RoundCalculationNode const&>(other).m_x)
        && m_y->equals(*static_cast<RoundCalculationNode const&>(other).m_y);
}

NonnullRefPtr<ModCalculationNode> ModCalculationNode::create(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> x, NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> y)
{
    // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // The result of adding the types of its comma-separated calculations.
    auto numeric_type = add_the_types(*x, *y);
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) ModCalculationNode(move(x), move(y), move(numeric_type)));
}

ModCalculationNode::ModCalculationNode(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> x, NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> y, Optional<CSSNumericType> numeric_type)
    : CalculationNode(Type::Mod, move(numeric_type))
    , m_x(move(x))
    , m_y(move(y))
{
}

ModCalculationNode::~ModCalculationNode() = default;

String ModCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    StringBuilder builder;
    builder.append("mod("sv);
    builder.append(m_x->to_string());
    builder.append(", "sv);
    builder.append(m_y->to_string());
    builder.append(")"sv);
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

bool ModCalculationNode::contains_percentage() const
{
    return m_x->contains_percentage() || m_y->contains_percentage();
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult ModCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto node_a = m_x->resolve(context);
    auto node_b = m_y->resolve(context);

    auto node_a_value = node_a.value();
    auto node_b_value = node_b.value();

    auto quotient = floor(node_a_value / node_b_value);
    auto value = node_a_value - (node_b_value * quotient);
    return { value, node_a.type() };
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> ModCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return simplify_2_children(*this, m_x, m_y, context, resolution_context);
}

enum class ModOrRem {
    Mod,
    Rem,
};
// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#funcdef-mod
static Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> run_mod_or_rem_operation_if_possible(CalculationNode const& numerator, CalculationNode const& denominator, CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context, ModOrRem mod_or_rem)
{
    // The modulus functions mod(A, B) and rem(A, B) similarly contain two calculations A and B, and return the
    // difference between A and the nearest integer multiple of B either above or below A. The argument calculations
    // can resolve to any <number>, <dimension>, or <percentage>, but must have the same type, or else the function
    // is invalid; the result will have the same type as the arguments.
    auto numerator_value = try_get_value_with_canonical_unit(numerator, context, resolution_context);
    auto denominator_value = try_get_value_with_canonical_unit(denominator, context, resolution_context);
    if (!numerator_value.has_value() || !denominator_value.has_value())
        return {};

    if (numerator_value->type() != denominator_value->type())
        return {};

    // The two functions are very similar, and in fact return identical results if both arguments are positive or both
    // are negative: the value of the function is equal to the value of A shifted by the integer multiple of B that
    // brings the value between zero and B. (Specifically, the range includes zero and excludes B.More specifically,
    // if B is positive the range starts at 0⁺, and if B is negative it starts at 0⁻.)
    //
    // Their behavior diverges if the A value and the B step are on opposite sides of zero: mod() (short for “modulus”)
    // continues to choose the integer multiple of B that puts the value between zero and B, as above (guaranteeing
    // that the result will either be zero or share the sign of B, not A), while rem() (short for "remainder") chooses
    // the integer multiple of B that puts the value between zero and -B, avoiding changing the sign of the value.

    double result = 0;
    if (mod_or_rem == ModOrRem::Mod) {
        auto quotient = floor(numerator_value->value() / denominator_value->value());
        result = numerator_value->value() - (denominator_value->value() * quotient);
    } else {
        result = fmod(numerator_value->value(), denominator_value->value());
    }

    return CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult { result, numerator_value->type() };
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#funcdef-mod
Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> ModCalculationNode::run_operation_if_possible(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return run_mod_or_rem_operation_if_possible(m_x, m_y, context, resolution_context, ModOrRem::Mod);
}

void ModCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}MOD: {}\n", "", indent, to_string());
}

bool ModCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    return m_x->equals(*static_cast<ModCalculationNode const&>(other).m_x)
        && m_y->equals(*static_cast<ModCalculationNode const&>(other).m_y);
}

NonnullRefPtr<RemCalculationNode> RemCalculationNode::create(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> x, NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> y)
{
    // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/#determine-the-type-of-a-calculation
    // The result of adding the types of its comma-separated calculations.
    auto numeric_type = add_the_types(*x, *y);
    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) RemCalculationNode(move(x), move(y), move(numeric_type)));
}

RemCalculationNode::RemCalculationNode(NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> x, NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> y, Optional<CSSNumericType> numeric_type)
    : CalculationNode(Type::Rem, move(numeric_type))
    , m_x(move(x))
    , m_y(move(y))
{
}

RemCalculationNode::~RemCalculationNode() = default;

String RemCalculationNode::to_string() const
{
    StringBuilder builder;
    builder.append("rem("sv);
    builder.append(m_x->to_string());
    builder.append(", "sv);
    builder.append(m_y->to_string());
    builder.append(")"sv);
    return MUST(builder.to_string());
}

bool RemCalculationNode::contains_percentage() const
{
    return m_x->contains_percentage() || m_y->contains_percentage();
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult RemCalculationNode::resolve(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto node_a = m_x->resolve(context);
    auto node_b = m_y->resolve(context);
    auto value = fmod(node_a.value(), node_b.value());
    return { value, node_a.type() };
}

NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> RemCalculationNode::with_simplified_children(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return simplify_2_children(*this, m_x, m_y, context, resolution_context);
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#funcdef-mod
Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> RemCalculationNode::run_operation_if_possible(CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context) const
{
    return run_mod_or_rem_operation_if_possible(m_x, m_y, context, resolution_context, ModOrRem::Rem);
}

void RemCalculationNode::dump(StringBuilder& builder, int indent) const
{
    builder.appendff("{: >{}}REM: {}\n", "", indent, to_string());
}

bool RemCalculationNode::equals(CalculationNode const& other) const
{
    if (this == &other)
        return true;
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;
    return m_x->equals(*static_cast<RemCalculationNode const&>(other).m_x)
        && m_y->equals(*static_cast<RemCalculationNode const&>(other).m_y);
}

CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult::from_value(Value const& value, CalculationResolutionContext const& context, Optional<CSSNumericType> numeric_type)
{
    auto number = value.visit(
        [](Number const& number) { return number.value(); },
        [](Angle const& angle) { return angle.to_degrees(); },
        [](Flex const& flex) { return flex.to_fr(); },
        [](Frequency const& frequency) { return frequency.to_hertz(); },
        [&context](Length const& length) {
            // Handle some common cases first, so we can resolve more without a context
            if (length.is_auto())
                return 0.0;

            if (length.is_absolute())
                return length.absolute_length_to_px().to_double();

            // If we don't have a context, we cant resolve the length, so return NAN
            if (!context.length_resolution_context.has_value()) {
                dbgln("Failed to resolve length, likely due to calc() being used with relative units and a property not taking it into account");
                return AK::NaN<double>;
            }

            return length.to_px(context.length_resolution_context.value()).to_double();
        },
        [](Resolution const& resolution) { return resolution.to_dots_per_pixel(); },
        [](Time const& time) { return time.to_seconds(); },
        [](Percentage const& percentage) { return percentage.value(); });

    return CalculationResult { number, move(numeric_type) };
}

void CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult::add(CalculationResult const& other)
{
    m_value = m_value + other.m_value;
    m_type = m_type.has_value() && other.m_type.has_value() ? m_type->added_to(*other.m_type) : OptionalNone {};
}

void CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult::subtract(CalculationResult const& other)
{
    m_value = m_value - other.m_value;
    m_type = m_type.has_value() && other.m_type.has_value() ? m_type->added_to(*other.m_type) : OptionalNone {};
}

void CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult::multiply_by(CalculationResult const& other)
{
    m_value = m_value * other.m_value;
    m_type = m_type.has_value() && other.m_type.has_value() ? m_type->multiplied_by(*other.m_type) : OptionalNone {};
}

void CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult::divide_by(CalculationResult const& other)
{
    auto other_copy = other;
    other_copy.invert();
    m_value = m_value * other_copy.m_value;
    m_type = m_type.has_value() && other.m_type.has_value() ? m_type->multiplied_by(*other.m_type) : OptionalNone {};
}

void CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult::negate()
{
    m_value = 0 - m_value;
}

void CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult::invert()
{
    // FIXME: Correctly handle division by zero.
    m_value = 1.0 / m_value;
    if (m_type.has_value())
        m_type = m_type->inverted();
}

String CalculatedStyleValue::to_string(SerializationMode) const
{
    // FIXME: Implement this according to https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values-4/#calc-serialize once that stabilizes.
    return MUST(String::formatted("calc({})", m_calculation->to_string()));
}

bool CalculatedStyleValue::equals(CSSStyleValue const& other) const
{
    if (type() != other.type())
        return false;

    return m_calculation->equals(*other.as_calculated().m_calculation);
}

Optional<Angle> CalculatedStyleValue::resolve_angle(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto result = m_calculation->resolve(context);
    if (result.type().has_value() && result.type()->matches_angle(m_context.percentages_resolve_as))
        return Angle::make_degrees(result.value());
    return {};
}

Optional<Flex> CalculatedStyleValue::resolve_flex(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto result = m_calculation->resolve(context);
    if (result.type().has_value() && result.type()->matches_flex(m_context.percentages_resolve_as))
        return Flex::make_fr(result.value());
    return {};
}

Optional<Frequency> CalculatedStyleValue::resolve_frequency(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto result = m_calculation->resolve(context);
    if (result.type().has_value() && result.type()->matches_frequency(m_context.percentages_resolve_as))
        return Frequency::make_hertz(result.value());
    return {};
}

Optional<Length> CalculatedStyleValue::resolve_length(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto result = m_calculation->resolve(context);
    if (result.type().has_value() && result.type()->matches_length(m_context.percentages_resolve_as))
        return Length::make_px(CSSPixels { result.value() });
    return {};
}

Optional<Percentage> CalculatedStyleValue::resolve_percentage(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto result = m_calculation->resolve(context);
    if (result.type().has_value() && result.type()->matches_percentage())
        return Percentage { result.value() };
    return {};
}

Optional<Resolution> CalculatedStyleValue::resolve_resolution(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto result = m_calculation->resolve(context);
    if (result.type().has_value() && result.type()->matches_resolution(m_context.percentages_resolve_as))
        return Resolution::make_dots_per_pixel(result.value());
    return {};
}

Optional<Time> CalculatedStyleValue::resolve_time(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto result = m_calculation->resolve(context);
    if (result.type().has_value() && result.type()->matches_time(m_context.percentages_resolve_as))
        return Time::make_seconds(result.value());
    return {};
}

Optional<double> CalculatedStyleValue::resolve_number(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto result = m_calculation->resolve(context);
    if (result.type().has_value() && result.type()->matches_number(m_context.percentages_resolve_as))
        return result.value();
    return {};
}

Optional<i64> CalculatedStyleValue::resolve_integer(CalculationResolutionContext const& context) const
{
    auto result = m_calculation->resolve(context);
    if (result.type().has_value() && result.type()->matches_number(m_context.percentages_resolve_as))
        return llround(result.value());
    return {};
}

bool CalculatedStyleValue::contains_percentage() const
{
    return m_calculation->contains_percentage();
}

String CalculatedStyleValue::dump() const
{
    StringBuilder builder;
    m_calculation->dump(builder, 0);
    return builder.to_string_without_validation();
}

struct NumericChildAndIndex {
    NonnullRefPtr<NumericCalculationNode> child;
    size_t index;
};
static Optional<NumericChildAndIndex> find_numeric_child_with_same_unit(Vector<NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode>> children, NumericCalculationNode const& target)
{
    for (auto i = 0u; i < children.size(); ++i) {
        auto& child = children[i];
        if (child->type() != CalculationNode::Type::Numeric)
            continue;
        auto const& child_numeric = as<NumericCalculationNode>(*child);
        if (child_numeric.value().index() != target.value().index())
            continue;

        auto matches = child_numeric.value().visit(
            [&](Percentage const&) {
                return target.value().has<Percentage>();
            },
            [&](Number const&) {
                return target.value().has<Number>();
            },
            [&]<typename T>(T const& value) {
                if (auto const* other = target.value().get_pointer<T>(); other && other->type() == value.type()) {
                    return true;
                }
                return false;
            });

        if (matches)
            return NumericChildAndIndex { child_numeric, i };
    }

    return {};
}

static RefPtr<NumericCalculationNode> make_calculation_node(CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult const& calculation_result, CalculationContext const& context)
{
    auto const& accumulated_type = calculation_result.type().value();
    if (accumulated_type.matches_number(context.percentages_resolve_as))
        return NumericCalculationNode::create(Number { Number::Type::Number, calculation_result.value() }, context);
    if (accumulated_type.matches_percentage())
        return NumericCalculationNode::create(Percentage { calculation_result.value() }, context);
    if (accumulated_type.matches_angle(context.percentages_resolve_as))
        return NumericCalculationNode::create(Angle::make_degrees(calculation_result.value()), context);
    if (accumulated_type.matches_flex(context.percentages_resolve_as))
        return NumericCalculationNode::create(Flex::make_fr(calculation_result.value()), context);
    if (accumulated_type.matches_frequency(context.percentages_resolve_as))
        return NumericCalculationNode::create(Frequency::make_hertz(calculation_result.value()), context);
    if (accumulated_type.matches_length(context.percentages_resolve_as))
        return NumericCalculationNode::create(Length::make_px(calculation_result.value()), context);
    if (accumulated_type.matches_resolution(context.percentages_resolve_as))
        return NumericCalculationNode::create(Resolution::make_dots_per_pixel(calculation_result.value()), context);
    if (accumulated_type.matches_time(context.percentages_resolve_as))
        return NumericCalculationNode::create(Time::make_seconds(calculation_result.value()), context);

    return nullptr;
}

// https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/#calc-simplification
NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> simplify_a_calculation_tree(CalculationNode const& original_root, CalculationContext const& context, CalculationResolutionContext const& resolution_context)
{
    // To simplify a calculation tree root:
    // FIXME: If needed, we could detect that nothing has changed and then return the original `root`, in more places.
    NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode> root = original_root;

    // 1. If root is a numeric value:
    if (root->type() == CalculationNode::Type::Numeric) {
        auto const& root_numeric = as<NumericCalculationNode>(*root);

        // 1. If root is a percentage that will be resolved against another value, and there is enough information
        //    available to resolve it, do so, and express the resulting numeric value in the appropriate canonical unit.
        //    Return the value.
        if (auto const* percentage = root_numeric.value().get_pointer<Percentage>(); percentage && context.percentages_resolve_as.has_value()) {
            // NOTE: We use nullptr here to signify "use the original".
            RefPtr<NumericCalculationNode> resolved = resolution_context.percentage_basis.visit(
                [](Empty const&) -> RefPtr<NumericCalculationNode> { return nullptr; },
                [&](Angle const& angle) -> RefPtr<NumericCalculationNode> {
                    VERIFY(context.percentages_resolve_as == ValueType::Angle);
                    if (angle.type() == Angle::Type::Deg)
                        return nullptr;
                    return NumericCalculationNode::create(Angle::make_degrees(angle.to_degrees()).percentage_of(*percentage), context);
                },
                [&](Frequency const& frequency) -> RefPtr<NumericCalculationNode> {
                    VERIFY(context.percentages_resolve_as == ValueType::Frequency);
                    if (frequency.type() == Frequency::Type::Hz)
                        return nullptr;
                    return NumericCalculationNode::create(Frequency::make_hertz(frequency.to_hertz()).percentage_of(*percentage), context);
                },
                [&](Length const& length) -> RefPtr<NumericCalculationNode> {
                    VERIFY(context.percentages_resolve_as == ValueType::Length);
                    if (length.type() == Length::Type::Px)
                        return nullptr;
                    if (length.is_absolute())
                        return NumericCalculationNode::create(Length::make_px(length.absolute_length_to_px()).percentage_of(*percentage), context);
                    if (resolution_context.length_resolution_context.has_value())
                        return NumericCalculationNode::create(Length::make_px(length.to_px(resolution_context.length_resolution_context.value())), context);
                    return nullptr;
                },
                [&](Time const& time) -> RefPtr<NumericCalculationNode> {
                    VERIFY(context.percentages_resolve_as == ValueType::Time);
                    if (time.type() == Time::Type::S)
                        return nullptr;
                    return NumericCalculationNode::create(Time::make_seconds(time.to_seconds()).percentage_of(*percentage), context);
                });

            if (resolved)
                return resolved.release_nonnull();
        }

        // 2. If root is a dimension that is not expressed in its canonical unit, and there is enough information available
        //    to convert it to the canonical unit, do so, and return the value.
        else {
            // NOTE: We use nullptr here to signify "use the original".
            RefPtr<CalculationNode> resolved = root_numeric.value().visit(
                [&](Angle const& angle) -> RefPtr<CalculationNode> {
                    if (angle.type() == Angle::Type::Deg)
                        return nullptr;
                    return NumericCalculationNode::create(Angle::make_degrees(angle.to_degrees()), context);
                },
                [&](Flex const& flex) -> RefPtr<CalculationNode> {
                    if (flex.type() == Flex::Type::Fr)
                        return nullptr;
                    return NumericCalculationNode::create(Flex::make_fr(flex.to_fr()), context);
                },
                [&](Frequency const& frequency) -> RefPtr<CalculationNode> {
                    if (frequency.type() == Frequency::Type::Hz)
                        return nullptr;
                    return NumericCalculationNode::create(Frequency::make_hertz(frequency.to_hertz()), context);
                },
                [&](Length const& length) -> RefPtr<CalculationNode> {
                    if (length.type() == Length::Type::Px)
                        return nullptr;
                    if (length.is_absolute())
                        return NumericCalculationNode::create(Length::make_px(length.absolute_length_to_px()), context);
                    if (resolution_context.length_resolution_context.has_value())
                        return NumericCalculationNode::create(Length::make_px(length.to_px(resolution_context.length_resolution_context.value())), context);
                    return nullptr;
                },
                [&](Number const&) -> RefPtr<CalculationNode> {
                    return nullptr;
                },
                [&](Percentage const&) -> RefPtr<CalculationNode> {
                    return nullptr;
                },
                [&](Resolution const& resolution) -> RefPtr<CalculationNode> {
                    if (resolution.type() == Resolution::Type::Dppx)
                        return nullptr;
                    return NumericCalculationNode::create(Resolution::make_dots_per_pixel(resolution.to_dots_per_pixel()), context);
                },
                [&](Time const& time) -> RefPtr<CalculationNode> {
                    if (time.type() == Time::Type::S)
                        return nullptr;
                    return NumericCalculationNode::create(Time::make_seconds(time.to_seconds()), context);
                });
            if (resolved)
                return resolved.release_nonnull();
        }

        // 3. If root is a <calc-keyword> that can be resolved, return what it resolves to, simplified.
        // NOTE: This is handled below.

        // 4. Otherwise, return root.
        return root;
    }

    // AD-HOC: Step 1.3 is done here as we have a separate node type for them.
    if (root->type() == CalculationNode::Type::Constant) {
        auto const& root_constant = as<ConstantCalculationNode>(*root);

        // 3. If root is a <calc-keyword> that can be resolved, return what it resolves to, simplified.
        // FIXME: At the moment these are all constant numbers. Revisit this once that's not the case.
        //        (Notably, relative-color syntax allows some other keywords that are relative to the color.)
        auto resolved = root_constant.resolve(resolution_context);
        VERIFY(resolved.type()->matches_number({}));
        return NumericCalculationNode::create(Number { Number::Type::Number, resolved.value() }, context);
    }

    // 2. If root is any other leaf node (not an operator node):
    // FIXME: We don't yet allow any of these inside a calculation tree. Revisit once we do.

    // 3. At this point, root is an operator node. Simplify all the calculation children of root.
    root = root->with_simplified_children(context, resolution_context);

    // 4. If root is an operator node that’s not one of the calc-operator nodes, and all of its calculation children
    //    are numeric values with enough information to compute the operation root represents, return the result of
    //    running root’s operation using its children, expressed in the result’s canonical unit.
    if (root->is_math_function_node()) {
        if (auto maybe_simplified = root->run_operation_if_possible(context, resolution_context); maybe_simplified.has_value()) {
            // NOTE: If this returns nullptr, that's a logic error in the code, so it's fine to assert that it's nonnull.
            return make_calculation_node(maybe_simplified.release_value(), context).release_nonnull();
        }
    }

    // 5. If root is a Min or Max node, attempt to partially simplify it:
    if (root->type() == CalculationNode::Type::Min || root->type() == CalculationNode::Type::Max) {
        bool const is_min = root->type() == CalculationNode::Type::Min;
        auto const& children = is_min ? as<MinCalculationNode>(*root).children() : as<MaxCalculationNode>(*root).children();

        // 1. For each node child of root’s children:
        //    If child is a numeric value with enough information to compare magnitudes with another child of the same
        //    unit (see note in previous step), and there are other children of root that are numeric values with the
        //    same unit, combine all such children with the appropriate operator per root, and replace child with the
        //    result, removing all other child nodes involved.
        Vector<NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode>> simplified_children;
        simplified_children.ensure_capacity(children.size());
        for (auto const& child : children) {
            if (child->type() != CalculationNode::Type::Numeric || simplified_children.is_empty()) {
                simplified_children.append(child);
                continue;
            }

            auto const& child_numeric = as<NumericCalculationNode>(*child);
            if (context.percentages_resolve_as.has_value() && child_numeric.value().has<Percentage>()) {
                // NOTE: We can't compare this percentage yet.
                simplified_children.append(child);
                continue;
            }

            auto existing_child_and_index = find_numeric_child_with_same_unit(simplified_children, child_numeric);
            if (existing_child_and_index.has_value()) {
                bool const should_replace_existing_value = existing_child_and_index->child->value().visit(
                    [&](Percentage const& percentage) {
                        if (is_min)
                            return child_numeric.value().get_pointer<Percentage>()->value() < percentage.value();
                        return child_numeric.value().get_pointer<Percentage>()->value() > percentage.value();
                    },
                    [&](Number const& number) {
                        if (is_min)
                            return child_numeric.value().get_pointer<Number>()->value() < number.value();
                        return child_numeric.value().get_pointer<Number>()->value() > number.value();
                    },
                    [&]<typename T>(T const& value) {
                        if (is_min)
                            return child_numeric.value().get_pointer<T>()->raw_value() < value.raw_value();
                        return child_numeric.value().get_pointer<T>()->raw_value() > value.raw_value();
                    });

                if (should_replace_existing_value)
                    simplified_children[existing_child_and_index->index] = child_numeric;

            } else {
                simplified_children.append(child);
            }
        }

        // 2. If root has only one child, return the child.
        //    Otherwise, return root.
        if (simplified_children.size() == 1)
            return simplified_children.first();
        // NOTE: Because our root is immutable, we have to return a new node with the modified children.
        if (is_min)
            return MinCalculationNode::create(move(simplified_children));
        return MaxCalculationNode::create(move(simplified_children));
    }

    // 6. If root is a Negate node:
    if (root->type() == CalculationNode::Type::Negate) {
        auto const& root_negate = as<NegateCalculationNode>(*root);
        auto const& child = root_negate.child();
        // 1. If root’s child is a numeric value, return an equivalent numeric value, but with the value negated (0 - value).
        if (child.type() == CalculationNode::Type::Numeric) {
            auto const& numeric_child = as<NumericCalculationNode>(child);
            return numeric_child.value().visit(
                [&](Percentage const& percentage) {
                    return NumericCalculationNode::create(Percentage(-percentage.value()), context);
                },
                [&](Number const& number) {
                    return NumericCalculationNode::create(Number(number.type(), -number.value()), context);
                },
                [&]<typename T>(T const& value) {
                    return NumericCalculationNode::create(T(-value.raw_value(), value.type()), context);
                });
        }

        // 2. If root’s child is a Negate node, return the child’s child.
        if (child.type() == CalculationNode::Type::Negate)
            return as<NegateCalculationNode>(child).child();

        // 3. Return root.
        // NOTE: Because our root is immutable, we have to return a new node if the child was modified.
        if (&child == &root_negate.child())
            return root;
        return NegateCalculationNode::create(move(child));
    }

    // 7. If root is an Invert node:
    if (root->type() == CalculationNode::Type::Invert) {
        auto const& root_invert = as<InvertCalculationNode>(*root);
        auto const& child = root_invert.child();

        // 1. If root’s child is a number (not a percentage or dimension) return the reciprocal of the child’s value.
        if (child.type() == CalculationNode::Type::Numeric) {
            if (auto const* number = as<NumericCalculationNode>(child).value().get_pointer<Number>()) {
                // TODO: Ensure we're doing the right thing for weird divisions.
                return NumericCalculationNode::create(Number(Number::Type::Number, 1.0 / number->value()), context);
            }
        }

        // 2. If root’s child is an Invert node, return the child’s child.
        if (child.type() == CalculationNode::Type::Invert)
            return as<InvertCalculationNode>(child).child();

        // 3. Return root.
        // NOTE: Because our root is immutable, we have to return a new node if the child was modified.
        if (&child == &root_invert.child())
            return root;
        return InvertCalculationNode::create(move(child));
    }

    // 8. If root is a Sum node:
    if (root->type() == CalculationNode::Type::Sum) {
        auto const& root_sum = as<SumCalculationNode>(*root);

        Vector<NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode>> flattened_children;
        flattened_children.ensure_capacity(root_sum.children().size());
        // 1. For each of root’s children that are Sum nodes, replace them with their children.
        for (auto const& child : root_sum.children()) {
            if (child->type() == CalculationNode::Type::Sum) {
                flattened_children.extend(as<SumCalculationNode>(*child).children());
            } else {
                flattened_children.append(child);
            }
        }

        // 2. For each set of root’s children that are numeric values with identical units, remove those children and
        //    replace them with a single numeric value containing the sum of the removed nodes, and with the same unit.
        //    (E.g. combine numbers, combine percentages, combine px values, etc.)

        // NOTE: For each child, scan this summed_children list for the first one that has the same type, then replace that with the new summed value.
        Vector<NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode>> summed_children;
        for (auto const& child : flattened_children) {
            if (child->type() != CalculationNode::Type::Numeric) {
                summed_children.append(child);
                continue;
            }
            auto const& child_numeric = as<NumericCalculationNode>(*child);

            auto existing_child_and_index = find_numeric_child_with_same_unit(summed_children, child_numeric);
            if (existing_child_and_index.has_value()) {
                auto new_value = existing_child_and_index->child->value().visit(
                    [&](Percentage const& percentage) {
                        return NumericCalculationNode::create(Percentage(percentage.value() + child_numeric.value().get<Percentage>().value()), context);
                    },
                    [&](Number const& number) {
                        return NumericCalculationNode::create(Number(Number::Type::Number, number.value() + child_numeric.value().get<Number>().value()), context);
                    },
                    [&]<typename T>(T const& value) {
                        return NumericCalculationNode::create(T(value.raw_value() + child_numeric.value().get<T>().raw_value(), value.type()), context);
                    });
                summed_children[existing_child_and_index->index] = move(new_value);
            } else {
                summed_children.append(child);
            }
        }

        // 3. If root has only a single child at this point, return the child. Otherwise, return root.
        if (summed_children.size() == 1)
            return summed_children.first();

        // NOTE: Because our root is immutable, we have to return a new node with the modified children.
        return SumCalculationNode::create(move(summed_children));
    }

    // 9. If root is a Product node:
    if (root->type() == CalculationNode::Type::Product) {
        auto const& root_product = as<ProductCalculationNode>(*root);

        Vector<NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode>> children;
        children.ensure_capacity(root_product.children().size());

        // 1. For each of root’s children that are Product nodes, replace them with their children.
        for (auto const& child : root_product.children()) {
            if (child->type() == CalculationNode::Type::Product) {
                children.extend(as<ProductCalculationNode>(*child).children());
            } else {
                children.append(child);
            }
        }

        // 2. If root has multiple children that are numbers (not percentages or dimensions),
        //    remove them and replace them with a single number containing the product of the removed nodes.
        Optional<size_t> number_index;
        for (auto i = 0u; i < children.size(); ++i) {
            if (children[i]->type() == CalculationNode::Type::Numeric) {
                if (auto const* number = as<NumericCalculationNode>(*children[i]).value().get_pointer<Number>()) {
                    if (!number_index.has_value()) {
                        number_index = i;
                        continue;
                    }
                    children[*number_index] = NumericCalculationNode::create(as<NumericCalculationNode>(*children[*number_index]).value().get<Number>() * *number, context);
                    children.remove(i);
                    --i; // Look at this same index again next loop.
                }
            }
        }

        // 3. If root contains only two children, one of which is a number(not a percentage or dimension) and the other
        //    of which is a Sum whose children are all numeric values, multiply all of the Sum’ s children by the number,
        //    then return the Sum.
        if (children.size() == 2) {
            auto const& child_1 = children[0];
            auto const& child_2 = children[1];

            Optional<Number> multiplier;
            RefPtr<SumCalculationNode> sum;

            if (child_1->type() == CalculationNode::Type::Numeric && child_2->type() == CalculationNode::Type::Sum) {
                if (auto const* maybe_multiplier = as<NumericCalculationNode>(*child_1).value().get_pointer<Number>()) {
                    multiplier = *maybe_multiplier;
                    sum = as<SumCalculationNode>(*child_2);
                }
            }
            if (child_1->type() == CalculationNode::Type::Sum && child_2->type() == CalculationNode::Type::Numeric) {
                if (auto const* maybe_multiplier = as<NumericCalculationNode>(*child_2).value().get_pointer<Number>()) {
                    multiplier = *maybe_multiplier;
                    sum = as<SumCalculationNode>(*child_1);
                }
            }

            if (multiplier.has_value() && sum) {
                Vector<NonnullRefPtr<CalculationNode>> multiplied_children;
                multiplied_children.ensure_capacity(sum->children().size());

                bool all_numeric = true;
                for (auto const& sum_child : sum->children()) {
                    if (sum_child->type() != CalculationNode::Type::Numeric) {
                        all_numeric = false;
                        break;
                    }
                    multiplied_children.append(as<NumericCalculationNode>(*sum_child).value().visit([&](Percentage const& percentage) { return NumericCalculationNode::create(Percentage(percentage.value() * multiplier->value()), context); }, [&](Number const& number) { return NumericCalculationNode::create(Number(Number::Type::Number, number.value() * multiplier->value()), context); }, [&]<typename T>(T const& value) { return NumericCalculationNode::create(T(value.raw_value() * multiplier->value(), value.type()), context); }));
                }

                if (all_numeric)
                    return SumCalculationNode::create(move(multiplied_children));
            }
        }

        // 4. If root contains only numeric values and/or Invert nodes containing numeric values, and multiplying the
        //    types of all the children (noting that the type of an Invert node is the inverse of its child’s type)
        //    results in a type that matches any of the types that a math function can resolve to, return the result of
        //    multiplying all the values of the children (noting that the value of an Invert node is the reciprocal of
        //    its child’s value), expressed in the result’s canonical unit.
        Optional<CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult> accumulated_result;
        bool is_valid = true;
        for (auto const& child : children) {
            if (child->type() == CalculationNode::Type::Numeric) {
                auto const& numeric_child = as<NumericCalculationNode>(*child);
                auto child_type = numeric_child.numeric_type();
                if (!child_type.has_value()) {
                    is_valid = false;
                    break;
                }

                // FIXME: The spec doesn't handle unresolved percentages here, but if we don't exit when we see one,
                //        we'll get a wrongly-typed value after multiplying the types.
                //        Spec bug: https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/11588
                if (numeric_child.value().has<Percentage>() && context.percentages_resolve_as.has_value()) {
                    is_valid = false;
                    break;
                }

                auto child_value = CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult::from_value(numeric_child.value(), resolution_context, child_type);
                if (accumulated_result.has_value()) {
                    accumulated_result->multiply_by(child_value);
                } else {
                    accumulated_result = move(child_value);
                }
                if (!accumulated_result->type().has_value()) {
                    is_valid = false;
                    break;
                }
                continue;
            }
            if (child->type() == CalculationNode::Type::Invert) {
                auto const& invert_child = as<InvertCalculationNode>(*child);
                if (invert_child.child().type() != CalculationNode::Type::Numeric) {
                    is_valid = false;
                    break;
                }
                auto const& grandchild = as<NumericCalculationNode>(invert_child.child());

                auto child_type = child->numeric_type();
                if (!child_type.has_value()) {
                    is_valid = false;
                    break;
                }

                auto child_value = CalculatedStyleValue::CalculationResult::from_value(grandchild.value(), resolution_context, grandchild.numeric_type());
                child_value.invert();
                if (accumulated_result.has_value()) {
                    accumulated_result->multiply_by(child_value);
                } else {
                    accumulated_result = move(child_value);
                }
                if (!accumulated_result->type().has_value()) {
                    is_valid = false;
                    break;
                }
                continue;
            }
            is_valid = false;
            break;
        }
        if (is_valid) {
            if (auto node = make_calculation_node(*accumulated_result, context))
                return node.release_nonnull();
        }

        // 5. Return root.
        // NOTE: Because our root is immutable, we have to return a new node with the modified children.
        return ProductCalculationNode::create(move(children));
    }

    // AD-HOC: Math-function nodes that cannot be fully simplified will reach here.
    //         Spec bug: https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/11572
    return root;
}

}
